Evolution of hockey in the West
In the Middle Ages, hockey-like games were played throughout Europe, cambuca (or comocke or cammock; compare modern camogie) in England, shinty in Scotland, jeu de mail in France, and het kolven in The Netherlands. There are various depictions in cathedral windows (Canterbury and Gloucester), a book (Decretal of Gysors), and other artefacts. Clubbes, hurl-bat, shinnops, jowling, baddins, and doddorts were all games played in different parts of England. Both Edward III and Richard II tried to ban cambuca and bandy-ball as an interference with archery practice.
The origin of the word hockey is obscure. Hockie was forbidden in the Statutes of Galway in 1527. The word may derive from comocke and the Anglo-Saxon word for 'hook', hok; alternatively, it may come from the French word for a shepherd's crook, hocquet.
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